Flammulina velutipes
| Velvet shank | |
|---|---|
| |
| Flammulina velutipes on a tree | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Physalacriaceae |
| Genus: | Flammulina |
| Species: | F. velutipes
|
| Binomial name | |
| Flammulina velutipes | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Flammulina velutipes | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is adnate |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is choice |
Flammulina velutipes, the velvet foot, velvet stem, velvet shank or wild enoki,[1][2][3] is a species of gilled mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae. The species occurs in Europe and North America.
Taxonomy
[edit]The species was originally described from England by botanist William Curtis in 1782 as Agaricus velutipes. It was transferred to the genus Flammulina by Rolf Singer in 1951.
Until recently, F. velutipes was considered to be conspecific with the Asian F. filiformis, cultivated for food as "enokitake" or "golden needle mushroom", but DNA sequencing shows that the two are distinct.[4]
Description
[edit]F. velutipes grows up to 10 centimetres (4 in) tall and wide.[5] The cap is light orange, darker toward the center.[5] The stem is darker brown. The flesh of the cap is yellow, while that of the stem is brown. The odour and flavour are pleasant.[5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The species occurs throughout Europe (October to February)[5] and in North America.
Velvet shank is saprotrophic especially on dead or dying elm, as well as ash, beech and oak.[6][2]
Uses
[edit]The fleshy caps can be sliced and cooked, or dried and ground into seasoning.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Holden L. (April 2022). "English names for fungi April 2022". British Mycological Society. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- ^ a b Sisson, Liv; Vigus, Paula (2023). Fungi of Aotearoa: a curious forager's field guide. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-76104-787-9. OCLC 1372569849.
- ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
- ^ Wang, Pan Meng; Liu, Xiao Bin; Dai, Yu Cheng; Horak, Egon; Steffen, Kari; Yang, Zhu L. (September 2018). "Phylogeny and species delimitation of Flammulina: taxonomic status of winter mushroom in East Asia and a new European species identified using an integrated approach". Mycological Progress. 17 (9): 1013–1030. Bibcode:2018MycPr..17.1013W. doi:10.1007/s11557-018-1409-2. S2CID 49299638.
- ^ a b c d e Francis-Baker, Tiffany (2021). Concise Foraging Guide. The Wildlife Trusts. London: Bloomsbury. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-4729-8474-6.
- ^ "Flammulina velutipes, Velvet Shank mushroom". first-nature.com. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Flammulina velutipes at Wikimedia Commons